The Gastrointestinal
Encyclopedia
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
The 
Dictionary
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the GASTROLAB Digestive Dictionary
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U (Abbr) Unit(s) Ubiquitous (Adj) "Anywhere at any time" UBT (Abbr) Urea Breath Test, a test used in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori UC (Abbr) Ulcerative colitis UCLA (Abbr) University of California, Los Angeles UEGF (Abbr) United European Gastroenterology Federation, organising the annual UEGW-meeting UEGW (Abbr) United European Gastroenterology Week, the premier annual scientific meeting in Europe. ug/ml (Abbr) Micrograms per milliliter
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 Ulceration in the descending part of the duodenum associated with coeliac disease |
Ulcerative coeliac diseae Coeliac disease is a small bowel mucosal injury caused by gluten in a sensible individual, and responding to glutenfree diet.
If untreated, the inflammation going in in the mucosa can cause irreversible damage, a "point of no return" is reached, and after that, the response to glutenfree diet is poor or lacking. These patients are severely ill, ulcerations appear in the jejunum and ileum - and rarely in the duodenum - and malignant transformation into a T cell lymphoma is common. Many somewhat confusing terms have been used considering this condition, e.g. ulcerative jejunitis, ulcerative jejunoileitis, refractory coeliac disease, refractory sprue and enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma (EATL). As the ulcerative lesions also can occur in the duodenum - not only in the jejunum and ileum - and as coeliac disease is the main etiology of this condition, the name "Ulcerative coeliac disease" has been suggested. Ulcerative coeliac disease is a rare but severe condition often resistant to medical treatment.
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 Mucosal lesions due to ulcerative colitis in the sigmoid colon |
Ulcerative colitis is an non-infectious inflammatory bowel disease affecting the large bowel and the rectum, of unknown etiology. The annual incidence is about 7 per 100.000. The rectum is nearly always affected, and if only the rectum is involved the disease is called ulcerative proctitis. A leftsided colitis goes up to the splenic flexure, an extensive colitis involves the colon to the hepatic flexure and a total colitis or pancolitis affects all of the large bowel. Ulcerative colitis can start at any age. The main symtom is bloody diarrhoea. Sigmoideoscopy or colonoscopy is the best mean of diagnosing the disease, and the main differential diagnose - infectious colitis - should be excluded. Ulcerative colitis is treated by 5-aminosalicylic acid derivates (among other salazosulfapyridin) and corticosteroids, and surgical treatment is not seldom necessary. Restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the surgical procedure most often used.
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Ulcerative jejunitis See Ulcerative coeliac disease Ulcerative Jejunoileitis A rare condition causing chronic idiopathic ulcerations in the small bowel. This disease is usually considered to be a complication of coeliac disease, but the disease does not always respond to glutenfree diet, and the prognosis is often serious. This disease is also called Refractory Coeliac Disease, and it is considered to be premalignant, or malignant in the form of a T-cell lymphoma. See also Ulcerative coeliac disease. Ulcus simplex See Dielafoy´s syndrome Ultrasound A sound with a frequency higher than the audible sound, that is above 20 KHz. Ultrasound used in imaging of the abdominal region has a frequency of 3.5 to 5 MHz. Ultrasound with this frequency is not transmitted in air but well transmitted in fluid and in solid tissues, however not is bones, and bones cannot be examined by ultrasound. Unblinded trial A medical trial where all the participants are aware of which treatment is given. See also Blinded trial Unconjugated familial hyperbilirubinemia See Gilbert´s syndrome Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia See bilirubin. Unilateral Concerning one side of the body United European Gastroenterology Week (UEGW) The premier European meeting in gastroenterology, arranged yearly, usually in the autumn. In 1999 this meeting was arranged in Rome. Unresectable For example a lesion or tumour, which could not be surgically removed. Upper GI series X-ray examination of the upper digestive system, oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. The patient drink a barium solution and x-ray-pictures are taken wher the outline of these organs are seen. Upper endoscopy is nowadays used primarily, and x-ray-examination is done only under special circumstansies, for example if the patient cannot swallow the endoscope. UDCA (Abbr) Ursodeoxycholic acid Ureter A tube which carries urine from the kidney to the urine bladder URL (Abbr) Universal Resource Locator, the exact address of a site in the Internet address system. UrolithiasisA stone (calculus) in the urinary tract U.S. Gallon A liquid measure, measuring capacity. 1 U.S. gallon is 3.786 litre, and one litre is 0.264 U.S. gallons. 1 English gallon is 4.546 litre and 1 litre is 0.220 English gallons.
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