The 
Dictionary
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the GASTROLAB Digestive Dictionary
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M (Pre) Mega- (1.000.000) M (Abbr) Meter(s) mA (Abbr) Milliampere Macroamylasemia A conditiohn where large molecular weight amylase is found in the serum. The cause is unknown, the condition does not cause any symptoms and no treatment is needed, but the high amylase level sometimes cause diagnostic difficulties. Magnus (Lat) Big, great Mal- (Pre) Abnormal Malabsorption Abnormal absorption of nutrients in the small intestine Malaise A feeling of being sick, nausea. Malignant pustule A synonym for Anthrax
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 A Mallory-Weiss-lesion in the cardia region |
Mallory-Weiss´ syndrome A mucosal tear in the cardia region usually caused by a forceful vomiting. The laceration is often associated with haemorrhage and this syndrome is one of the most common causes of upper gastrointestinal acute bleeding. The bleeding often spontaneously stops. This syndrome was initially described by G. K. Mallory and S. Weiss in 1929.
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Maloney dilator A dilator used in the bougienage of oesophageal strictures. MALT (Abbr) Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue
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 A gastric MALT-lymphoma |
MALT lymphoma Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, a malignant lymphoma in the gastro-intestinal tract. MALT-lymphoma in the stomach is most often caused by Helicobacter pylori- or Helicobacter heilmannii-infection. Low grade primary MALT-lymphomas in the stomach often (in 70 - 80% of the cases) respond with remission to treatment of the Helicobacter-infection.
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Manning criteria Criterias used in the diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome, IBS.
A patient with IBS should have abdominal pain, the lessen after defecation. When there are pain, the stools are more frequent and the stools are looser. The patient has bloating or distension, rectal feelings of incomplete emptying and passage of mucus per rectum. MARS Molecular absorbent recycling system, a novel dialysis system used in the treatment of severe liver insufficiency.
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 Barry J Marschall |
Marschall, Barry J An internist from Perth in Australia, who together with Robert Warren in 1983 presented the results of their investigation of a bacteria nowadays known as Helicobacter pylori. This bacteria has since the proved to be the main etiology of duodenal and gastric ulcer and gastic cancer. The knowledge of Helicobacter has had a revolutionary impact on gastroenterology.
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Mater (Lat) Mother MC (Abbr, Lat) Magister Chirurgiae MCF (Abbr) Macrophage Chemotactic Factor mcg Abbr) Microgram MCH (Abbr) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin, the mean amount of hemogrobin in a red bloodcell MCHC (Abbr) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration MCi Abbr) Megacurie MCP (Abbr) Membrane Cofactor Protein Mcps Abbr) Megacycles per second MCT (Abbr) Mean Circulation time MCV (Abbr) Mean Corpuscular Volume MD Abbr, Lat) Medical Doctor, Doctor of Medicine MDS (Abbr) Myelodysplastic Syndrome Meckel, Johann Friedrich Jr (1781 - 1833) German anatomist, who was the first to describe Meckel´s diverticulum, an ileal diverticulum. He also described a syndrome of multiple malformations, named Meckel´s syndrome. Meckel´s diverticulum An ileal diverticulum arising from the antimesenteric border of the ileum, usually located 40 - 130 cm from the ileocaecal junction and occuring in about 2% of the population. Abotu 2% of those having this diverticulum develop complications (mainly bleeding), othervise the diverticulum does not cause symptoms. The diverticulum can be detected by radionuclide scanning and by the newly developed capsule endoscopy. Surgical treatment is needed in severe bleedings. Mediterranean Lymphoma A diffuse type of small intestine lymphoma, associated with Alfa Chain Disease and mostly occuring in the Mediterranean area and Near East. The patienns ar often young, around or below 20 years of age. Mega- (Pre) Large, abnormally enlarged. For exampel Megacolon, an abnormally distended colon.
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 Joe Vincent Meigs |
Meigs, Joe Vincent (1892 - 1963) An American surgeon who worked at the Massachusetts General Hospital, most known for his modification of the Wertheim procedure used in the surgical treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix. He has given his name to the Meigs´syndrome, characterized by ascites and pleural effusion dur to an ovarian fibroma or other gynecological tumours.
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Meigs´ syndrome Ascites and pleural effusion, most often to the right, in a patient with an ovarian tumor. The tumor may be benign, for example an ovarian fibroma, and the extirpation of the tumor cures all symptoms.
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 Typical mucosal pigmentation seen in melanosis coli |
Melanosis coli is a pigmentation of the rectal and colonic mucosa due to use (or abuse) of anthraquinone type laxatives. Histologic specimens show numerous macrophages containing a granular dark pigment in the lamina propria. Withdrawal of the offending laxative, which nearly always can be substituted with a bulk laxative, is sufficient treatment.
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Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome A noninfectious granulomatous disorder of the orofacial region. Fissured tongue and facial palsy are typical manifestations of this syndrome. Onset is usually in childhood or early adolescence. There is no specific treatment. Prognosis is usually good, although the disease can cause recurrent flareups or become chronic. Crohns disease and sarcoidosis can cause symptoms quite similar to this syndrome. Menetrier´s disease A rare gastritis - also called Hypertrophic gastritis - the main features of which are increased gastric mucosal thickness and inflammatory changes. Men are more commonly affected than women. The disease can cause protein loosing and hypoalbuminemia. The etiology is considered to be unknown but many cases regress after Helicobacter pylori-eradication. There is an increased risk of gastric cancer in this disease. Mesalamin A drug used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Synonyme: %-ASA.
METAVIR scoring system A validated scoring system made by the METAVIR cooperative group used in the assessment of the histological liver lesions in chronic hepatitis C by the use of two separate scores, A for the necroinflammatory grade of activity and F for the stage of fibrosis. The scores are defined as follows:  Meteorism Excess gas in the bowel, abdominal swelling from gas Methyldopa A drug formerly used in the treatment of hypertension. Methyldopa sometimes cause liver injury and also partial villous atrophy and diarrhea. Meyenburg complex See von Meyenburg complex Midazolam A sedative drug belonging to the benzodiazepine group with a short halflife. Midazolam is used as a hypnotic and in gastroenterology as a premedication for patients undergoing endoscopic procedures.
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 Midoesophageal diverticulum |
Midoesophageal diverticulum Outpouching of the oesophageal wall in the middle third of the oesophagus. Midoesophageal diverticula are usually small and do not usually cause any symtoms like dysphagia. They are easily recognized in x-ray examinations of the oesophagus and during upper endoscopy. Any treatment is usually not needed.
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Miescher´s cheilitis granulomatosa A non-infectious granulomatous disorder of the orofacial region. Mikulicz disease A disease described by Dr. Johann Mikulicz in 1888, the symptoms of which were painless bilateral swelling of the lacrimal, parotid and submandibular glands. The patient described later died of intra-abdominal lymphoma. This disease has later been proved to be Sjogrens syndrome. Mile Linear measure, measuring length. 1 mile is 1.609 kilometers. 1 km is 0.621 miles. Milzbrand A synonym for Anthrax MLD (Abbr) Minimal lethal dose, the smallest dose of a drug or another toxic substance reported to cause death. mm Hg (Abbr) Millimeter(s) of mercury, usually concerning blood pressure. MMR vaccine Vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella. MMSE (Abbr) Mini Mental State Examination, a screening test used in the diagnostic work up of Alzheimers disease MODY Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young Molecular absorbent recycling system (MARS) A novel dialysis system used in the treatment of severe liver insufficiency. Monilia An formerly used name for Candida, yeast Moniliasis Candidiasis, infection caused by candida Mono- (Pre) One, single Monocellular Unicellular, consisting of one cell Moore´s disease Abdominal epilepsy, a form of epilepsy causing symtom in the gastrointestinal tract. Morbus Disease Morbus Crohn Crohn´s disease, see Crohn´s disease Mors (Lat) Death Mors subita (Lat) Sudden death Motilin A gastrointestinal hormone procuced in the upper small bowel. The main physiological effect is stimulation of gastric emptying and gut motility. MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRSA Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a bacteria resistant to many antibiotics causing severe infections in hospital environment. Mucosectomy (Usually endoscopic) mucosal resection Multifactorial (Adj) Describing a condition with several (etiologic) factors, e.g. a disease thought to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Multi-organ failure The end stage of a serious disease caracterized where several organ systems are affected. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (Wermer´s Syndrome) A inherited syndrome characterized by benign or malignant tumors or cellular proliferation in the parathyreoid and pituitary glands and pancreatic islets tumors. The parathyreoid hyperplasia causes hyperparathyreoidism. The pituitary tumor is most often prolactinomas. The pancreas tumors is gastrinoma (causing Zollinger-Ellison Syndroma), insulinoma or more seldom glucagonoma or VIPoma. Myalgia Muscle pain
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The Best Image Library in the World!That is what we would like Gastrolab Image Library and Endoscopic Archives to be.Perhaps We can achieve this together? Many of You have ecxellent endoscopic images just waiting for publication. When published they can be an invaluable resource for young endoscopists and for gastroenterologic education. Images published here can freely be used for noncommercial purposes. So, please email Your images here Together we can make the best and most complete Image Library in the World! |
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Endoscopy Slide-Shows
Maps, Satellite Images of all Important Conference Cities
May 3, 2007